In this article we share some examples of common security technology issues that are associated
with the security system design process.

Understanding Physical Security Technology Issues

Independent security consultants can guide you efficiently through the use of physical security technologies in your organization. This article provides some basic tips and considerations in the security technology lifecycle. Due to the cost, we highly recommend that the implementation of any security technology should be preceded with a security risk assessment.

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Electronic Access Control (EAC)

EAC serves at least two main functions. First, it limits access into a physical space to only authorized personnel. Second, if equipped properly, it can also provide timely alerts when doors are propped or forced open. Issues to consider when implementing this technology include:

• Assess facility layout and needs. Evaluate the physical environment, including entry points, high-security zones, and traffic patterns. Determine which areas require restricted access and the level of control needed. Refer to the layering discussion above.
• Determine the appropriate system architecture, coordinating closely with your IT group. Options include on-premises systems, hybrid and various cloud configurations.
• Ensure the system can scale with organizational growth and integrate with other security systems (e.g., video surveillance, intrusion detection, or HR databases) for centralized management and enhanced functionality.
• Cyber security is closely related to architecture. Protect EAC systems from cyber threats by implementing encryption, secure protocols, secure credentials and readers and regular software updates. Use network segmentation and monitor for unauthorized access attempts.
• Choose systems with high uptime and failover mechanisms to prevent disruptions. Ensure backup power sources (e.g., UPS) and redundant controllers to maintain functionality during outages. Be mindful of mechanical locks associated with EAC doors which when not managed properly can lead to unauthorized access, nuisance alarms and loss of the audit trail.
• Establish role-based access permissions to limit entry to authorized personnel only. Plan for efficient user enrollment, credential issuance, and revocation processes to handle staff changes in an automated or otherwise timely manner.
• Plan for ongoing maintenance, including hardware inspections, software updates, and vendor support. Establish a clear protocol for troubleshooting and resolving system issues promptly.

Video Surveillance

Video surveillance serves many functions depending on how it is employed. When deploying video surveillance, keep the following in mind:

• Clearly outline goals, such as deterring theft, monitoring critical areas, or gathering evidence. Align the system with specific security risks and organizational needs.
• Evaluate the physical environment to identify key areas for surveillance (e.g., perimeter entry points, building entrances, high-value zones). Use a strategy of applying video to choke points and critical assets first. Then move into other areas as budget permits.
• Determine the appropriate system architecture, coordinating closely with your IT group. Options include on-premises systems, hybrid and various cloud configurations. Video surveillance systems generate considerably more network traffic than access control systems so cloud options may in some cases be limited due to bandwidth availability.
• Select cameras suited to the environment and to meet video recording objectives. Resolution or the quality of the live or recorded image is one of the first considerations. Is the goal to see a face or a license plate? If so, proper resolution modeling is essential to avoid disappointment during operation. Consider how cameras can be advanced from a passive “after the fact” review to proactive detection and assessment using many analytic features available on cameras and in video management systems.
• Plan for sufficient video storage capacity based on retention policies and resolution needs. Use scalable solutions like cloud or hybrid storage, and ensure data is encrypted. Remember that with IP systems, not every camera has to be retained for the same duration. Adjust as organizational needs dictate.
• Secure the system against cyber threats with strong passwords, encryption, and regular firmware updates. Use network segmentation and monitor for unauthorized access. Be very mindful of camera selection as many cameras have been deemed unsecure for connection to organizational networks.
• Ensure cameras perform well in varying conditions (e.g., low light, weather). Use infrared or thermal cameras where needed and account for environmental obstacles like glare or foliage.
• Decide between real-time monitoring, automated alerts, or post-event review. Establish clear procedures for incident response and evidence handling.
• Plan for regular maintenance, including camera cleaning, system checks, and software updates. Ensure access to reliable vendor support for troubleshooting and repairs.

Learn more about video surveillance functions

Intrusion Detection

Implementing intrusion detection systems (IDS) to enhance physical security requires careful planning to ensure reliability, responsiveness, and integration.

• Identify goals, such as detecting unauthorized entry, protecting high-value assets, or preventing vandalism. Align the IDS with specific threats and organizational priorities.
• Allow the security risk assessment to inform the site’s layout to pinpoint entry points, perimeters, and high-risk areas. Focus on weak spots like windows, doors, or remote areas prone to breaches.
• The security designer will be responsible for choosing suitable detection technologies, such as motion sensors, glass-break detectors, door/window contacts, or seismic sensors, based on the environment and threat level.
• Ensure the IDS integrates seamlessly with other systems like video surveillance, access control, or alarms for real-time alerts and coordinated responses.
• Design the system to accommodate future growth or changes in facility layout. Opt for modular systems that allow easy addition of sensors or zones.
• Use advanced sensors and analytics to reduce false positives caused by environmental factors (e.g., animals, weather). Implement dual-technology sensors or sensitivity adjustments. Another key consideration is to use a video central station to assess alarm conditions and validate a crime in progress to enable faster law enforcement response.
• Secure networked IDS components with encryption, strong authentication, and regular software updates to prevent hacking or tampering. Monitor for cyber threats
• Establish real-time monitoring through a central station, mobile alerts, or on-site personnel. Define clear escalation procedures for verified intrusions.
• Schedule regular maintenance, including sensor testing, battery checks, and system updates. Ensure access to vendor support for prompt issue resolution.